(1) A brief history of research The multispecific IgG (1VIg) of a normal human being used for treatment is a complete IgG sample obtained from the plasma of many normal humans; and it was initially limited to replacement therapy for patients with congenital immunodeficiency. In the past ten years, IVIg has been widely used to treat various autoimmune diseases and systemic inflammatory diseases. Its possible mechanisms include: blocking Fc receptors, inhibiting complement-mediated immune damage, and regulating the production of cytokines And selective immune protection. The above-mentioned effects may be through the interaction of circulating molecules in the V region of IVIg or the interaction with immunologically active cell surface molecules in the receptor. (2) Autoantigen Since IVlg comes from the plasma of normal people, the autoantibodies and anti-antibodies of IVIg are directly equivalent to those of natural IgG. (3) Autoantibodies 1. Synonyms There are autoantibodies against IgM, IgG and IgA in normal human serum. These autoantibodies can bind to various autoantigens including intracellular components and soluble molecules. Natural autoantibodies are formed by encoding the VH gene of the germline gene chain. It has multiple activities and often shows different affinity for self-antigens. It can recognize self-antigens and can also be recognized by other autoantibodies in the body. Natural autoantibodies are connected to each other through the V region. This structure can appear between IgM and IgG fragments and between IgM and autologous IgG molecules. In serum, the interaction between IgM and autologous IgG can down-regulate the activity of IgG. In addition, natural IgM and IgG autoantigens can recognize a limited series of major autoantigens. 2. Detection method Immune hybridization of proteins extracted from soluble tissues with IVIg has verified that IVIg also has multiple activities of natural self-antigens. Moreover, the self-activity of IVlg is similar to those of purified human IgG. ELISA and functional analysis can be used to detect individual antibodies specific to IVIg. The functional analysis uses many soluble molecules, some of which are intracellular components that are retained during germline development, and some are autoimmune diseases. The target antigens of autoantibodies, such as thyroglobulin, DNA, intrinsic factor and coagulation factor â…§. 3. Clinical significance Whether it is natural autoantibodies or disease-related autoantibodies, IVIg can bind to these unique antibodies and inhibit their activity. It was first discovered that treatment of antibodies with anticoagulant factor VIII with IVIg caused a rapid and significant drop in antibody titers in the patient's serum. In addition to anti-coagulation factor VIII antibodies, there are many other autoantibodies, such as: thyroglobulin antibody, platelet antibody, endothelial cell antibody, C3 convertase antibody, C1 inhibitor antibody, HLAClassI antibody and cardiolipin antibody, etc. inhibition. Shanghai Hengyuan has long been operating "human IgG antibodies", kits, cells, enzymes, serum, antibodies, biological reagents, standards, instruments, consumables, culture media and other biochemical reagents. Price is cheep, quality is good.
There are four types of wayfinding signs: identification, directional, informational, and regulatory. As standalone signs, they serve a specific role; as part of the greater wayfinding system, they inform each other.
Here`s what facility managers need to know about deploying each of the primary wayfinding types of signage.
Identification is the most common type of wayfinding signage. They tell a person when they have arrived at their destination. They also serve as general wayfinding landmarks.
Need to get your bearings? Identification signage is there for you. If you`re looking for Sales and you keep seeing signs for Human Resources, you know you`re in the wrong place.
Make identification signs uncluttered and straight to the point. What does the sign signify? Someone should understand it in seconds.
General examples
Directional signage helps people get to where they`re going. It`s an invisible hand guiding them from wherever they are to their destination, one step at a time. They`re best used at junctions and areas without a clear traffic flow.
Anyone unfamiliar with their surroundings benefits from diverse directional signage. It can be as simple as a plaque at each junction sending people left or right. Or, it may be as comprehensive as colored lines on the floor leading people directly to their destination.
Continuity is key for directional signage. If a person becomes lost anywhere between two points using directional signage, it`s immediately invalidated. Picking up the trail again means backtracking or getting lucky.
General examples
Whereas identification signage marks a particular area, informational signage pertains to the overall facilities. These signs give people broad information they need while navigating.
Informational signage is best placed in an area with broad exposure. Lobbies, waiting rooms, building entrances, and atriums are popular examples. Signage should answer questions before they`re asked. Where are your bathrooms? How late are you open? Do you have an elevator?
Informational signs should be universally understandable at a glance-signs and symbols anyone can understand.
General examples
Regulatory signage is a proactive form of wayfinding. It`s focused on safety and liability concerns and sets boundaries-what is and isn`t acceptable in your facilities. It`s used to establish and reinforce rules, safety standards, and privacy expectations.
Regulatory signage is generally big and bold. No frills-only a clear, concise, prominent message. Someone probably won`t open a closet if there`s a [Caution! High Voltage!" sign on the door. Similarly, displaying a [No Pets Allowed" sign means Fido isn`t welcome.
Use regulatory signage wherever it applies and leave no room for ambiguity. A handicap sign sets a clear precedent, just like an [Employees Only" sign on a locked door.
General examples
Every type of wayfinding signage can and should be used with every other. Regulatory signs should keep people out of restricted areas as they follow directional signage to their destination. Identification signage should tell someone where they are, so they can follow directional signage to where they want to be. Informational signage-coupled with regulatory signage-needs to set behavior expectations in your facilities.
Additionally, all signage should be simple. Regardless of its purpose, someone should be able to look at a sign and known in seconds what it says, as well as what it means in relation to wayfinding.
Whatever the information, make sure you have the right mode of delivery. The simpler your signage and the more cohesive it is across all four types, the more effective it will be for anyone using it.
Directional Sign,Floor Index Sign,Project Sign Panel,Modular Wayfinding Sign Plate Chengdu GodShape Sign Co., Ltd , https://www.signsgs.com
1. Identification
2. Directional
3. Informational
4. Regulatory
Combining wayfinding signage
