A research team at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) used recently discovered orbiting satellite data to explain the mystery of the disappearance of a large number of high-energy electrons in the extraterrestrial radiation zone: the disappearing electrons were trapped by a powerful solar wind particle during the solar enhancement cycle. Swept out the planet's sphere of influence. Related papers were published in the "Nature Physics".

The extra-Earth radiation zone is a ring-shaped area filled with high-energy electrons. The electron energy is very high and moves at a speed close to the speed of light. The radiation zone was discovered by the American Explorer 1 satellite in 1958 and detected the mysterious disappearance of high-energy electrons. Since then, this problem has been plaguing astronomers. Some people think that electrons disappear in the atmosphere of the earth; others speculate that electrons do not disappear permanently, but only temporarily deplete energy and disappear.

The co-author of the paper, UCLA ’s Julie Spritz, said: "According to our research in 2006, electrons may be moving outwards, continuously decelerating as they pass through interstellar media, and disappear between planets. It was only recently that we found definitive evidence. "

The key data is collected by the NASMIS THEMIS network system, and the rest of the information comes from the two meteorological satellite groups POES (Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite) and GOES (Geostatic Operational Environmental Satellite). The team found through satellite data that although a small number of high-energy electrons did fall into the atmosphere, most of the electrons were pushed out of the planet. During the magnetic storm caused by the enhanced solar activity, the solar wind particles violently attack the radiation zone, tearing most of it away.

Currently, the University of California, Los Angeles, is collaborating with Moscow University in Russia to plan to render these disappearing electrons into clearer images. The Lomonosov spacecraft scheduled for launch in spring 2012 will also accurately detect high-energy particles in low-Earth orbit.

Zhu Turner, the project leader and associate researcher at UCLA Earth and Space Sciences, said the study marks a major step forward in understanding the Earth ’s space environment and predicting space weather phenomena, and has helped protect GPS satellites, communications, and meteorological monitoring. Satellites are also critical. High-energy electrons can penetrate the spacecraft protective layer and destroy the precision electronic instruments it carries. Engineers must consider radiation protection when designing spacecraft, which requires statistical data to build models to estimate the properties of high-energy electrons.

Turner also pointed out that in 2013 solar activity will reach its peak in nearly 11 years, and geomagnetic storms may occur several times a month. Studying the nature of these high-energy electrons and their extreme changes will help build more accurate models and predict the impact of geomagnetic storms on the radiation zone.

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