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The first stage is the legislative management of handling and disposal. The Waste Disposal Act promulgated in June 1972 did not restrict the production of waste, and there was no disposal requirement, so that in the following decade or so, the growth rate of waste was always high and maintained at a level of 20-35%. Serious environmental pollution.
The second stage is the reduction of the legislative management combined with the disposal of the end from the source. Since the 1980s, people have realized that the deterioration of the environment is closely related to human society and economic activities. The recognition of environmental pollution has shifted from the simple governance at the end to the source of control. In 1986, the original "Law of Garbage Removal" was revised and the "About Avoidance and Waste Disposal Act" was introduced. Compared with the previous emphasis on waste removal, priority was given to avoiding or reducing the amount of waste generated, and emphasis was placed on recycling. Incineration or landfill disposal of waste that cannot be used with current technology. At the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a strategy for sustainable development was proposed. The overall requirements are:
(1) A harmonious lifestyle between man and nature;
(2) To formulate policies for sustainable development, consider the environment and development as a whole when formulating social and economic development plans and laws and policies;
(3) Industrial development that does not harm the environment and moderate consumption scale;
(4) The prioritization of management objectives should reflect the application to the environment and development;
(5) Strengthen the protection and management of resources for development. As a result, the legislative management of waste has entered a new phase of closed-loop recycling of materials that is compatible with the environment and compatible with the ecological environment.
The third stage is the legislative management combined with the closed loop of material and environmental compatibility. The "Circular Economy Act" promulgated by Germany in September 1994 fully embodies the above guiding ideology. The difference from traditional waste disposal is:
(1) Emphasizes the principle of hierarchical management of wastes in the comprehensive utilization of resources and the closure of materials. First of all, it is necessary to avoid production as the main factor, in particular to reduce its quantity and toxicity; second, it must be subordinated to the recycling of substances; the non-reusable substances are used to recover heat as available energy; the last remaining waste is environmentally compatible. Way to landfill.
(2) Obligations for the material's closed-loop waste management are specified. Producers have the obligation to avoid, recycle, and dispose of their waste, and put forward production responsibility obligations that are responsible for the entire life cycle of the product; for the packaging used, only the waste generated is properly recycled. Or the assurance of proper disposal can only be entered into the market if it is approved for implementation; some products should enter the market only when they are in a way that is conducive to waste management; when the toxic components in the product are too high, it is difficult to handle. To ensure compatibility with the environment, it is not allowed to enter the market; some products can enter the market only when they are marked on the label for reuse or reuse; if a deposit is required, the requirements should be indicated; and the producers of the product must The seller also stipulated that it should bear the obligation of recovery and related costs.
(3) It stipulates the obligation to protect the environment from waste, that is, to consider issues such as closed circulation, low consumption, and less waste when designing products; to encourage consumers to use cleaner production products; and to have safe disposal measures for waste.
(4) The requirements for the final disposal of environmentally compatible wastes and management supervision are stipulated.
The legislative management of foreign packaging waste disposal is most representative in Germany and can be roughly divided into three stages of development: