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I. The status and development prospects of future print media
At the end of the 20th century, when electronic media and the Internet entered an era of rapid growth, the prospects for the development of print media were a topic that has been discussed by the international printing industry in recent years. There are some different opinions on this issue, but at the moment it should be said that there is basically consensus, and most of the opinions say:
In the era of rapid development of electronic media and the Internet, although the printing media is facing the most serious and most important challenges since the invention of printing technology, the printing media still has a bright future in the new century, and the printing industry has a vast future. Although electronic media and the Internet have more timeliness and more personalized content, they can talk with customers and search information faster and more extensively.
Not only did the printed matter lose its significance and fascinating charm, but the demand for printed matter was growing. Its views are mainly based on the following:
First, the development of print media is far from reaching its limits. Heidelberg believes that although electronic media such as TV, CD-ROM, and Internet will occupy more than half of the entire media market in ten years, the proportion of print media in total media demand will continue to decline, but the market demand for print media will be absolute. Will continue to grow. According to reports: Germany's per capita annual output value of 450 marks, the United States is 600 marks, Japan is 860 marks, China is only about 20 marks. According to statistics, the annual per capita consumption of printed materials in 1997 was US$56, and the consumption of print products in Western Europe and North America accounted for 70%-80% of the world's total. The consumption of newspapers and magazines is roughly the same in developed and developing countries. There is also a clear "digital divide." Paper consumption is an important measure for the growth of the printing industry. The world consumes about 300 million tons of paper each year, of which Americans consume 300 kilograms of paper every year, Europe is about half of them, and third world countries have only 1 kilogram. Because the consumption of printed materials increases with the increase of people's quality, the increase of disposable income, the improvement of living standards, the improvement of education level, and the progress of society, the print market is far from the limit. Print media (including book printing) There is still a lot of room for development. Developed countries are still doing so. The potential for developing countries will be even greater, and their absolute value will increase together with the demand for electronic media.
An important pillar of the new needs of the printing media for the second-tier packaging and printing exhibition, the function of packaging and printing is that electronic media cannot replace it. The printed matter is not only books, magazines and newspapers, but also packaged prints, advertisements, samples, brochures, etc. Packaging has the function of protecting products, can display and convey information, has attractive charm, and can improve the competitiveness of products. These functions cannot be replaced by electronic media. Product samples and specifications are generally not replaced by electronic media as sales products are sent. Printing products such as packaging, advertising, and sales instructions account for a greater share of the commercial print market compared to books, newspapers, and magazines. According to Indigo's introduction, US commercial printing products have annual sales of 140 billion US dollars, books and magazines only account for 8%, leaflets and interstitials account for 14%, brochures and sales brochures account for 29%, and sample and direct mail account for 17%. Communications, stationery and business forms accounted for 5%, and others accounted for 27%.
Third, the prominent advantage of the print media is that it can be stored for a long time, and it can be read anytime, anywhere, without adding any new means. Reading books and newspapers is more convenient than using computers. This is something electronic media and the Internet cannot replace and match. Reading from the people's habits of reading printed materials is often a sense of enjoyment, but the use of computers is somewhat different, some people like to read newspapers at breakfast, read books before going to bed, this demand is also electronic media can not be replaced.
Fourth, the technological progress of the printing media - the digitization of digital printing and printing processes, has made the printing media an important position in modern media and a pillar industry in the media industry. Both print media and non-print media need to prepare specific texts and images. With the advancement of technology, especially the widespread use of digital technologies, the information sources and their annotations of electronic media and internet are basically in line with the pre-production of modern print media. However, in fact, many sources of electronic media and the Internet originate from the print media and its database, and electronic media and online information downloads cannot be separated from modern printing processes. Further development in the field of print media will surely merge with the electronic media. The integration of electronic media with print media will make the complex printing and dissemination processes of books, newspapers and magazines faster and better. In short, advances in printing technology and process changes will ensure that the printing industry still has considerable competitiveness in the process of moving towards multimedia services.
The above point of view does not deny the advantages of the rapid development of electronic media and the internet, but at the same time, as confirmed in Drupa exhibition materials, “The print media has numerous advantages. It is incomparable and irreplaceable, so in the next century, printing The media industry still has good prospects; Drupa also showed people the memorable vitality and vitality of traditional printing technology. The time-tested and highly efficient process methods and new technologies, new processes, and new materials make this colorful and rich. Innovative print production becomes possible.
China has a population of 1.25 billion. China in the 21st century will be one of the countries with the fastest economic development in the world, and China will also be the largest international printing market. This is no doubt. China's printing industry will develop steadily at a higher rate, with broad prospects and promising prospects. This is true of China's printing industry, and the printing of books and publications will be the same. In the past 20 years, China's printing industry has made great progress and will surely achieve greater development in the new 21st century.
II. Some Reflections on the Structural Adjustment of China's Books and Periodicals Printing Industry and the Improvement of Competitiveness
I am not very familiar with the printing of books and periodicals, nor have I conducted systematic investigations and studies. Talking about this issue is a bit tedious and for reference only.
The development of China's printing industry is at a new critical period. In the past 20 years or so, China's printing industry has witnessed tremendous development. The overall structure and ownership of the printing industry have undergone tremendous changes. However, it faces economic globalization, the internationalization of the domestic market, and China's imminent accession to the WTO, and the market has become more competitive. The situation is facing the rapid development of the scientific and technological revolution; the digitization, networking, automation and printing process digitalization and the integration of the technology's maturity and application, and the new and increasingly personalized, short version, high quality, fast delivery of new products Demand, all this has made China's book and periodical printing companies face new opportunities and challenges for development. They are faced with the difficult task of transforming the mechanism, adjusting the structure, and achieving two fundamental changes to improve their competitiveness. In the face of the new situation and measures taken, in addition to wishing for support from the state, the most important and fundamental issue is to take measures from the enterprise itself, to establish a modern enterprise system through restructuring, and to improve the enterprise’s structure by adjusting the structure, strengthening management, and improving quality. Market competitiveness.
1. Change operating mechanism and establish modern enterprise system
In the past 20 years of reform and opening up, the operating mechanism of printing companies in China has undergone great changes and the concept of the market has generally been established. However, for most large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, there has not been established "clear property rights, distinct rights and responsibilities, separate government and enterprises, and management. The "scientific" modern enterprise system is not adaptable to the rapidly changing and fiercely competitive market.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the "Suggestions" put forward: The multi-level nature of the social productive forces and the diversity of the ownership structure are important characteristics of the primary stage of socialism. At present, the ownership structure of the printing industry in China has been diversified. The private and individual economies have occupied a large proportion. In some state-run book printing companies, they have successfully carried out restructuring and achieved good results. However, for most large and medium-sized state-owned printing enterprises, they still face the arduous task of further deepening reforms, reforming systems, changing operating mechanisms, and establishing a modern enterprise system.
2. Restructuring
The Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "The next three to ten years will be an important period for China's economic and social development. It will be an important period for the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, as well as an important period for improving the socialist market economic system and expanding opening to the outside world. "The strategic adjustment of the economic structure is a fundamental measure to improve the overall quality of the national economy, expand domestic demand, and enhance international competitiveness," and adjustment of the structure is a main line for China's economic development in the future.
Most of the large and medium-sized book printing companies in China have been established under the planned economic system. Most of the companies have large and complete structures, small and complete, specialization in production, low degree of socialization, and low levels of repetition between enterprises and enterprises; history Heavy tasks, overstaffing, low equipment utilization, low production efficiency, and poor economic efficiency are all outstanding. Therefore, the task of adjusting the organizational structure, product structure, and technical structure of an enterprise is very urgent.
First of all, we must strengthen structural adjustment and promote the reorganization of corporate structures. The first is to reorganize stock assets, complement each other, and make more rational use of production, sales, and service systems. Second, establish parent-subsidiary companies within large corporations, draw small accounting units, face markets, and increase equipment utilization and efficiency; Promote professional and socialized production. China's book printing companies are relatively large-scale. More than 1,000 designated enterprises above the provincial level have an average of 700-800 people per plant. There are also some large books and periodicals printing companies in foreign countries and Hong Kong and Taiwan, but most of them are divided into a number of smaller independent accounting units under one company, and are open to the public except for internal support. For example, Shen Shi Company in Taiwan established a modern printing building with uniform temperature, humidity, dust, and ventilation, but Shen Shi color printing factory, lean binding factory, ticket printing factory, etc. are independently set up in the building. There are 38 in the lean binding factory. In addition to undertaking the binding tasks of Shen’s color printing factory, half of them are able to operate outside. The Hong Kong China Business Alliance Printing Group has set up a number of subsidiary companies in the 25,000 m2 15th floor of the China Business Printing Building. Apart from the China Color Printing Company, it also includes the China Security Printing Company. In addition, China Merchants (Shenzhen) Printing Co., Ltd. and China Merchants (Guangdong) Printing Co., Ltd. are also established in Shenzhen. This kind of organizational structure within a large company is worthy of reference by the printing and printing companies in China in the adjustment of organizational structure.
For book printing companies, while restructuring and adjusting their organizational structure, they must also adjust the product structure. First, they must expand the scope of services, achieve product diversification, and develop on-demand printing; second, with prepress technology Digitalization, in addition to the production of printed media books and publications, should make full use of text and image digital resources, and produce electronic media publications at the same time; Third, in addition to the production of traditional prints, to produce hardcover books and magazines, special and miscellaneous books and other special printing products, Improve product quality.
3. Strengthen management, improve product quality and competitiveness
At present, for books and magazines companies, strengthening management and improving product quality is a relatively prominent issue. An important reason for the current existence of "Northern China and South Korea" is that quality cannot meet requirements. Many well-run businesses do not rely on enhanced management, quality wins, and win the trust of users. The experience of Hong Kong China Business, Shenzhen Yachang and Danyang Education Printing Factory are all good examples.
Books and periodicals printing companies must change their concepts and establish a modern concept of quality, including good physical quality, high-quality service, on-time delivery, and a reasonable price of the concept of quality; unremittingly carry out international quality management standards and actively implement the ISO9000 quality management system. To carry out quality system certification, and to work hard in the effective operation of the system; to grasp the quality of the first, to think in place, measures in place, work in place; to be people-oriented, unremittingly promote the implementation of total quality management, in-depth
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The book printing industry is a major force with a long history in China's printing industry. It has concentrated a large number of large and medium-sized enterprises in China. It has a pool of talented people and a relatively strong technical force. It has made significant contributions to China’s science and technology, cultural education and spiritual civilization, and its historical meritorious service. indelible. However, in the new century, facing the challenges of economic globalization and the new economic era, what are the prospects for printing books and magazines and how do they develop? Has become a topic of great concern among colleagues in the industry. Here I would like to talk about my own opinion on this issue, talk about some reflections on the structural adjustment and development of the book printing industry in China, and take this opportunity to brief you on the recent important work of the China Printing and Equipment Industry Association. .