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First, the introduction of screen printing process
Screen printing is a kind of screen made into a flower pattern. When printing, the flower pattern is covered on the textile, and the printing paste is added on the flower pattern, and it is printed on the textile under the effect of the squeegee to make the pattern of the textile. The printing method. The method has the advantages of simple plate making, unlimited pattern, and low cost. No matter which industry is used for screen printing, screens of different materials are used as carriers of the film, but there are some differences in the selection of screens and plate making processes.
1 Prepress processing
Prepress processing includes pattern design and description of black-and-white color separation (ie, positive film). Generally, continuous photolithography is used in the continuous shooting process, and the photosensitive material for plate making needs to be water-resistant.
2 wire mesh material
Screen material is the main material of screen printing. The screen weaved with silk has long been replaced by nylon screen. Although the nylon screen has high strength, wear resistance and elasticity, it is susceptible to changes in temperature and humidity and is flexible. Larger, thus affecting the accuracy of the overlay, so when printing high-end products, polyester (polyester) screens are commonly used.
In addition, metal screens such as nickel screens for screen printing and stainless steel screens for circuit boards are also used. There are many kinds of screen specifications, with a width of 90-230cm and a mesh size of 31-196 mesh/cm, which can be selected according to different applications.
3 screen printing equipment
Screen printing equipment is very complex, ranging from simple family workshops to modern complete sets of equipment. Textile screen printing is divided into round net and flat net. Flat net equipment includes printing platen, automatic flat screen printing machine and rotary printing machine. The maximum width of the automatic flat screen is 3.2m, the length is about 60m, and the maximum color is 24 colors, which belongs to large-scale equipment.
Textile screen printing is generally continuous printing, even if the independent pattern of handkerchiefs, tablecloths, etc. are also obtained after the continuous printing and cutting, and garment clothing and shirts are mostly rotary printing.
4 material differences
The difference in printing materials is simply the difference between water and solvent (oily). Textile printing is generally based on dyes, especially on silk textiles. It is necessary to adopt corresponding dye technology and supporting equipment according to the nature of different fibers. The printing is made of coating printing paste as printing material, and some people call it water-based ink.
Due to practical requirements, the color of textile screen printing must have a certain fastness (not easy to fade). At the same time, due to the large change in color, the paste and color are generally sold and stored separately, and the printing paste is used as required. .
In addition, there are many special functional coating printing pastes, such as foaming inks, bright inks, fluorescent inks, etc., which are often not limited by the nature of textile fibers, and therefore occupy a certain position in the coating screen printing, in recent years screen printing Ink varieties are also increasing.
5 postpress processing
In the screen printing process of textiles, post-press processing is very important. It must be fixed by high-temperature steaming or baking so that the dyes can be combined with textile fibers to ensure the color fastness. In addition, after fixing, it should be washed with water to remove the carriers and unfixed dyes in the printing paste, so that the color is bright and shiny.
It should be noted that high-temperature baking is required even if the coating process is used, but it may not be washed. Non-textile screen printing is generally simple, but it is also necessary to take some necessary treatments according to the quality requirements of printed products, such as the UV curing of UV inks.
Second, the knitted T-shirt screen printing
Screen printing paint directly printed on knitted T-shirts, as long as the natural drying or baking can be completed. Because this process does not require wet treatment, it is particularly suitable for knitted garments, which can avoid problems such as deformation of needle textiles due to wet processing. This process is applied to the production of products with small batches, varieties and colors.
1. Sample processing
Apart from paying attention to continuous pattern, individual pattern and copy pattern, the pattern design should also indicate appropriate clothing styles and specifications, types and colors of textiles, and drawing instructions on the direction and position of the pattern on the clothing, indicating the pattern number and the number of colors. , designer, date, etc.
(1) Continuous pattern
Continuous patterns are commonly used in two consecutive or four-square continuous, the trial content of the integrity of the pattern unit, the length of the design of the joints of the correctness of the pattern arrangement of uniformity, the importance of pattern color in the textile and pattern and printing effects.
(2) Individual patterns
The individual pattern is a unit of independence with the surrounding individual. The contents of the individual patterns include the completeness of the pattern structure, the adaptability of the patterns and garments, the correctness of the text, the reproducibility of the pattern color on the textile, and the pattern and printing effect.
(3) Copying
Since most of the samples for customers cannot be used directly, such as garments, swatches, photographs, copy paper samples, printed pictures and schematic drawings, most of them cannot be directly used for plate making, and must be processed and copied for pattern reproduction. When reviewing replication samples, we first analyze customer supply samples and requirements to see if the copy samples are consistent with customer requirements and printing process conditions. Note whether the continuous sample joints can be continuously connected and the pattern is uniform. When the pattern has obvious physical changes, the Whether it will return to the original after "appropriate collation".
The application of silk screen printing in apparel design is mainly reflected in the printing process. Screen printing can make ordinary T-shirt display intuitive art, reflecting the mental outlook, taste, aspiration and personality of the dresser, and flexibly expressing the designer's design ideas. , deeply loved by consumers and designers. In this paper, the application of silk screen printing in knitted T-shirt printing and textile mesh color printing is used as an example.