The Development and Problems of Chinese Book Printing Industry Continued

Book printing companies should do several things

The national printing industry must adjust its total volume, structure, and layout under the guidance of the idea that "development is the top priority." In order to adapt to the development of the form, the printing enterprises of books and periodicals should make great efforts to grasp the following tasks.

1. Accelerate the pace of system reform

Reform is a powerful driving force for the development of enterprises. Only through reform can the company's market competitiveness be enhanced.

In recent years, especially after China's accession to the WTO, China's book printing industry has accelerated the pace of restructuring. Following the restructuring of Shenyang Xinhua Printing Factory and Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Factory, Shanxi Xinhua, Hunan Xinhua, Anhui Xinhua and other organizations completed the restructuring task from the end of 2001 to the beginning of 2003. At present, many companies are doing preparatory work for restructuring research or restructuring.

According to a sample survey conducted by the Printing Technology Magazine, nearly 30% of the printing companies have now completed restructuring. From this point of view, the task of restructuring the printing companies in our country has a long way to go. Judging from the positive and negative experiences in the reform of printing companies, there are not only one mode of restructuring, but also the formation of group companies, the introduction of foreign capital, the establishment of joint-stock companies, limited-liability companies, or the road to private enterprises. It is necessary to proceed from the reality of the enterprise. copy.

The Guangdong Press and Publication Bureau proposed to strengthen the planning and guidance for the development of the printing industry, encourage the restructuring of the state-owned publications and printing companies, allow strong funds, advanced technology and equipment, and manage and regulate packaging and decoration printing companies to enter the printing field, allowing large and medium-sized printing companies. Mergers and reorganization of small-scale publications printing companies that are difficult to maintain. This move will be conducive to the institutional reform of printing and printing companies.

2. Further increase the technical reorganization

Advanced printing equipment and technology are important guarantees for improving work efficiency, enterprise competitiveness and product quality. All units that have better economic returns have all attached importance to technological transformation. In recent years, the investment in technological transformation of the printing industry in our country has been increasing. We have introduced advanced equipment and technologies from abroad to improve our competitiveness and achieved good economic results. However, at present, the overall level of printing equipment in China is still far behind that of developed countries. According to relevant statistics, the number of advanced four-color sheetfed printing presses in China is less than 20% of the total number of offset presses. By the end of September 2003, the installed capacity of CTP equipment in the country had only reached 226 sets. The backwardness of equipment has led to product quality, production efficiency, and low economic efficiency. Therefore, in the period to come, books and periodicals printing companies should pay attention to the investment in technological transformation, adjust measures to local conditions, and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.

3. Vigorously promote the construction of enterprise information

Enterprise information is an important symbol of modern enterprise management. In 2002, the former State Economic and Trade Commission once again designated “advancing enterprise management informationization” as one of the four key tasks for the reform of state-owned enterprises in the current year.

Informatization of enterprises, in a nutshell, is the introduction of computer technology, information technology, and network technology into the management and management activities of enterprises. The ultimate goal is to improve the modern management level of enterprises, reduce costs, improve product quality, and provide after-sales service quality. Strengthen the competitiveness, increase economic benefits, and promote the sustainable development of enterprises.

Today, the rapid development of information technology, network technology, digital technology and automation technology has gradually been applied in printing, which has fundamentally promoted the transformation of traditional printing technologies, and at the same time changed the business philosophy and management of printing companies. Many enlightened leaders of books and periodicals printing companies have noticed the informatization construction of their units earlier. Such as Shanghai China, Henan Xinhua, Beijing University, Yunnan Bridge and other units. After years of practice, continuous improvement, and gradual improvement, the company has brought considerable economic benefits.

In 2001, "Printing Technology" conducted a survey of the information construction of 205 printing companies throughout the country. As a result, there were 46 self-reported companies that had realized full-process management, accounting for 22.4% of the total number of surveyed enterprises. However, according to industry experts, most printing companies in China are in the initial stage of informatization. Even if they purchase computers, they only enter part of their production and business information into the computer to save and query information. Of course, a few printing companies have introduced software systems such as MRPII and ERP, and computer management of production processes has provided data support for management and decision-making. Until now, there have been very few printing companies that have truly achieved comprehensive networked information management.

The task of the informatization construction of China's printing enterprises is arduous, but it also faces the problem of less funds and fewer talents. In addition, the book printing companies must also learn advanced 5S site management methods, improve on-site management, actively create conditions, carry out ISO9000 certification, etc., which will improve the overall level of China's book printing industry to a new level.

The problems faced by the original designated book printing companies

As mentioned above, in recent years, in order to speed up the development of China's printing industry, the state has introduced a number of policies and regulations, which is undoubtedly positive and beneficial for the entire printing industry. However, the original fixed-point factory of the book printing and printing enterprises will lose some policy protection. With the gradual deepening of the reform, it may also bring some new problems to the printing of books and periodicals, which requires the printing and printing companies to deal with it correctly.

1. Revoke printed printing fixed-point system

There are 1,155 printing and fixed-point enterprises in the country and the provincial level, but they are responsible for the printing and binding of most books and periodicals in the country. In 2002, 170962 kinds of books and 9,029 kinds of periodicals were published in China. The total sum of the two printed sheets was 56.283 billion sheets, equivalent to 1,324,400 tons of paper. Taking 2002 as an example, 286 state-designated enterprises, which account for 24.76% of fixed-point printing enterprises in two levels of books and periodicals, completed 49.97% of books and periodicals printing, 55.86% of plastic printing and printing, and 61.7% of books and magazine binding tasks in 2002. The national fixed-point enterprises of 79 publishing systems, which accounted for 6.84% of the fixed-point printing and publishing enterprises of two books and periodicals, completed 22.48% of books and periodicals printing in 2002, 28.71% of offset printing, and 34.01% of binding books and books.

It is not difficult to see from the above figures that 25% of the fixed-point enterprises in the two-tier fixed-point enterprises have completed 50%~60% of books and magazines printing tasks, and only 2% of fixed-point companies have less than 7% of the publishing system countries. Fixed-point factory, completed a total of 22.48% to 34.01% of book printing tasks. The main reason is that in addition to the large scale, strong technical strength, and advanced equipment of the national designated enterprises, it is even more important that they (especially the national fixed-point enterprises of the publishing system) are protected by policies and have more adequate production tasks.

The elimination of printing and printing fixed-point systems means that the original fixed-point companies will lose the protection of policies and will compete with all printing companies on the equal footing in the market. This will inevitably shift the tasks originally supposed to be fixed-point enterprises to other printing companies, resulting in a shortage of resources for the original fixed-point enterprises, and the economic benefits will be greatly affected.

2. Textbook printing and bidding system

As far as the whole country is concerned, the vast majority of primary and secondary school textbook printing tasks are issued by the publishing bureaus (headquarters) of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Therefore, it is natural for the direct-affiliated factories of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities to avoid news and publication, and it is natural for them to receive policy protection in the printing of elementary and middle school textbooks for a long time (generally, Xinhua plants in each province can be allocated to 50% of the total amount of textbooks in the province each year. As many as 90% of the tasks can be obtained, industry insiders call this a "flood, water, and non-flowing field."

For a long time, the printing system of books and periodicals in the publishing system has mainly depended on the income from textbook printing to maintain its development, but this situation will not last long. The reason was that the "Regulations on the Administration of Publications" implemented on February 1, 1997 had clearly stipulated that "primary and secondary school textbooks are to be examined and approved by the State Council's education administration department, and their publishing, printing, and distribution units shall be published by the People's Government of the People's Government at or above the provincial level. The administrative department, together with the competent pricing department, shall use tenders or other open and fair methods." The "Regulations on the Administration of Publications" also stipulates that "in addition to the units identified in the above methods, no other unit or individual may engage in the publication, printing, or distribution of textbooks in primary and secondary schools. ".

Textbook tenders for primary and secondary schools have been tried in Anhui, Xinjiang, and Fujian in 2002 and will soon be rolled out. Bidding for textbook printing is also imperative. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the tender, under the same quality standards, under the premise of the same time, which printing price is low (not lower than the cost price), the possibility of winning the bid is greater. Therefore, the original national fixed-point printing companies may not be able to win bids in the bid. This is a problem worthy of attention.

3. Separate business

According to the requirements for the establishment of modern enterprises, with the deepening of institutional reforms, the separation of government and enterprises is the trend of the times. The production, research, and logistics institutions directly under the General Administration of Press and Publication, which were directly subordinate to the General Administration of Press and Publication, had been officially delisted from the General Administration of Press and Publication on February 28, 2003, establishing the China Printing Group Corporation. The days when the directly-affiliated books and periodicals printing factories of the major news agencies of major provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are delinked from the publishing bureau will not be too long.

Once the publisher of the publishing system is delinked from the local press and publication bureau (the headquarters), it means that the preferential policies or benefits that the original provincial bureau (the head office) could give directly to the factory were gone. Even if it is required by the Bureau (Head Office), it is also forbidden to invest in the original directly-affiliated company, and it is necessary for the company to rely on its own efforts.

4. Strengthen competition

On April 11, 2003, the General Administration of Press and Publication issued the Guiding Opinions on the Macro-control of the Aggregate, Structure, and Layout of the Printed Enterprises for the Past Ten Years (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions"). The "Guidance Opinions" put forward the guiding ideology of "developing the printing of publications under the premise of macro-controlling the number of printing enterprises." It is expected that the number of national publications printing companies will increase at a rate of no more than 3% per year. By the end of 2005, the number of publications and printing companies is expected to be around 6,000 (5,507 at the end of 2002).

In accordance with the "Guidance Opinion" requirements, at the end of 2005, more than 500 new publications and printing companies were established. It is worth noting that the newly-added printing and printing companies will no longer be the repeated construction of printing enterprises in general, but rather a batch of new books and periodicals printing companies with high technological content, advanced equipment, and application of environmental protection printing technology. . In addition, with the growth of foreign-funded books and periodicals printing companies, the development of privately-owned book printing companies that cannot be ignored will compete more fiercely with the original fixed-point book printing companies.

In short, the mainstream of the development of national book and book printing companies is good, but it must be noted that nearly one third of the companies are in a state of loss. With the in-depth development of the reform, there will be new difficulties and some deep-seated problems on the way forward, and we need to overcome and solve them. We are convinced that as long as we are guided by the important thinking of the three representatives and change our concepts as soon as possible, we will innovate in the future.