Microscopic particle image velocimetry (microPIV) experiments were performed on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel
with a cross-section measuring 320 lm · 330 lm for Reynolds numbers between 272 and 2853. Care was taken to ensure that the
seed particle density was great enough that accurate instantaneous velocity vector fi elds could be obtained for all the Reynolds numbers
investigated. Velocity fl uctuations were calculated from ensembles of microPIV velocity fi elds. The hu0i / umax fl uctuation showed
an increase at Re = 1535 and a further increase as Reynolds numbers were increased, suggesting that transition to turbulence began
near Re = 1535, a Reynolds number lower than predicted by classical theory. The hu0i / umax data also suggest the fl ow was fullydeveloped
at a Reynolds number between 2630 and 2853, also lower than classical results. This fi nding was con fi rmed in plots of
the mean velocity pro fi le. For the fully developed fl ow, the measured hu0 i / umax fl uctuation agreed well with classical results for turbulent
duct fl ow, but the hv0 i / umax fl uctuation was 25–40% lower than turbulent duct fl ow results. Finally, spatial correlations of
velocity fl uctuations were calculated to lend some insights into the characteristics of the large-scale turbulent structures observed
in the turbulent microchannel fl ow.

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