1. Arrangement of printing color sequence Generally, there are two printing methods: surface printing and inside printing. The printing material (tipping paper) basically adopts surface printing because of its physical properties. Plastic film is usually printed in India. According to the changes of the three primary colors and the principle of register (overprint), as well as the actual experience in the production process, the printing color sequence of the following printing (from light to dark) is: white → yellow → magenta → cyan → black. The printing color sequence (from dark to light) is: black → cyan → magenta → yellow → white, but sometimes it can be adjusted appropriately according to the process requirements. 2. Tension control of gravure printing Printing tension is an important process parameter of the printing process. Its tension system is also the core mechanism of the entire printing equipment. The setting of printing tension is determined according to the nature of the printing material. Materials that are easily stretched are difficult to overprint accurately, so the tension is generally set to be small, but if the tension is too small, the material is slack, and irregular paper stringing will occur, resulting in inaccurate overprint. The tension setting value is based on the minimum tension value that can be overprinted accurately and neatly wound. Under normal circumstances, the winding tension is slightly greater than the unwinding tension, the main purpose is to tighten the roll, tighten and flat end. Avoid unwinding, string winding and other phenomena that are not conducive to the next process of cutting. Different specifications and batches of base paper will have different tension settings, and process control will be performed during the actual printing process. 3. Control of steam heating temperature The control of heating temperature is also determined according to the nature of the printing material. There is a certain relationship between heating temperature, printing speed and flux evaporation rate. When the temperature is fixed, if the flux evaporation rate is slow, the printing speed should be reduced. On the contrary, the printing speed should be increased. When the flux volatilization rate is constant, if the printing speed is increased, the heating temperature is increased. Conversely, the temperature can be reduced. When the printing speed is constant, if the flux evaporates slowly, the heating temperature should be increased. On the contrary, the heating temperature should be reduced. In addition, the control of heating temperature is also related to printing process conditions, ink properties and ink thickness. 4. Control of printing pressure The printing pressure is the pressure of the printing rubber platen roller. If the printing pressure is not enough, the ink transfer is not good, and graphic defects are prone to occur. Too much pressure is easy to imprint traces. Therefore, the general gravure printing machine is equipped with an electrostatic ink suction roller, which uses static electricity to help the ink transfer, which is essential for high-speed gravure printing machines. Through the electrostatic ink absorption system, the ink can be transferred to the paper very well. Without the electrostatic ink absorption system, the ink cannot be transferred sufficiently, and patterns, lines, characters, etc. may appear slurred, missed, and uneven in color and shade. Different printing materials have different printing pressures, which have certain requirements on the rubber hardness of the rubber pressure roller. Generally, when printing plastic films, the requirements for rubber hardness are slightly higher. When printing tipping paper, the pressure is generally around 20-30 Pa. In the specific production process, appropriate adjustments should be made according to printing effects and ink and other related factors. The printing pressure between the printing plate roller and the rubber platen roller is obtained by adjusting the center distance between the two. The pressure enables the transfer of the ink, causing the rubber to deform and maintain a certain embossing width. The embossing width changes with the diameter of the two cylinders, the rubber hardness, and the printing pressure. Under the same printing pressure, the printing quality of the rubber roller with a small diameter is good, and the printing quality of a rubber roller with a high rubber hardness is good because the width of the obtained printing is small. In actual printing, the size of the embossing width should be comprehensively judged, that is, determined according to factors such as the type of printing material, rubber thickness and hardness, and the width of the printed product. V. Adjustment and control of ink viscosity The accuracy and continuity of ink viscosity in the printing process are very important, especially in high-speed printing, the viscosity control of the ink is related to a series of printing failures. It is an important factor affecting the quality of printing. When printing, the greater the viscosity of the ink, the worse the effect of ink transfer. When the viscosity of the ink is too large, the entire ink system is in a supersaturated state, and the fluidity of the material in the ink is poor. It is easy to gather together, and it is not easy to enter the mesh of the publishing roller smoothly. If the ink viscosity is too small, the organic flux content in the ink is large. However, the resin, pigment and other components in the ink are relatively small, they cannot form a smooth surface film after drying, and the ink layer is white, dull and dull, and lacks gloss. In gravure printing, the viscosity of the ink must be adjusted first, and the flux should be added to the ink to reduce its viscosity to the level that meets the performance and process requirements of the printing press. The viscosity mainly matches the speed of the printing machine. When printing at high speeds, use low viscosity as much as possible while ensuring a stable hue. Since the viscosity of the ink seriously affects the printing quality, the viscosity of the ink must be controlled in an appropriate range during the gravure printing process. In the production process, the ink circulates continuously, which causes the flux to volatilize at all times. Because the viscosity of the ink is detected every five minutes, it is controlled within the normal range. Sixth, the adjustment and control of the scraper The adjustment of the blade height position and the front and rear position determines the contact position of the blade and the printing plate roller, which also determines the distance between the blade contact line and the impression line. The length of this distance should be based on the printing speed, ink viscosity, and mesh The depth, drying speed, plate quality, printing plate roller diameter, etc. are adjusted, generally about 40MM. In general, the longer the distance, the greater the chance that the ink in the cell dries, and the lower the transfer rate of the ink. From the point of view of printing effect, it is equivalent to the partial withdrawal of the ink. At the same time, the length of this distance is a test for the suitability of ink printing. When the distance is large, some inks may overflow from the mesh, which may affect the printing quality. On the contrary, it is helpful to improve the ink transfer rate, but it is easy to produce printing faults such as dirty plates. The contact angle of the doctor blade is the angle between the tangent line of the contact point of the doctor blade and the printing plate roller and the doctor blade, which is generally 30-60 degrees. Increasing the contact angle, it is easy to scrape the ink on the plate surface to make the graphics clear. When the ink layer is excessive, the printing ink has poor gloss and other phenomena, it is also easy to damage the printing plate roller. On the contrary, the contact angle is reduced, the printing ink layer is thick, the printed product has good gloss, and the corners of the graphics and text are easy to blur. At the same time, the impurities in the ink are easily brought into the knife gap, causing printing processing failures such as printing knives. Squeegee pressure adjustment Generally speaking, the pressure applied to the plate roller by the doctor blade is set according to the needs, usually about 20Pa. The principle of control is to reduce the pressure of the doctor blade as much as possible without affecting the printing quality. The greater the pressure of the blade, the greater the friction between the plate roller and the blade, which is easy to damage the blade and plate roller. The factors that affect the pressure of the doctor blade include printing speed, processing accuracy of the plate roller, the quality of the doctor blade, the viscosity of the ink, the impact force of the ink on the doctor blade, and the contact angle of the doctor blade. Under normal circumstances, the faster the printing speed, the greater the pressure required for the doctor blade. Scraper levelness and flatness The flatness and warpage of the scraper mainly depend on the installation method. Of course, it may also be related to the foreign matter stuck on the blade holder groove or the scraper blade and the tablet. If the blade is not installed flat, it is likely that the thickness of the ink layer will be different when printing a large area of ​​full-color products, or the ink scraping will not be clean, etc., which will seriously affect the product quality and normal production. In order to improve the ink scraping effect, while the printing plate roller rotates, the doctor blade also periodically reciprocates in the length direction of the printing plate roller surface. In this way, it is possible to reduce the wear on the local fixed position and avoid the accumulation of ink on the bottom of the blade. The left and right movement of the scraper has an important role in reducing the cutting line, improving the scraper utilization rate, and reducing the wear of the printing plate roller. 7. Management of printing plates Because gravure printing mainly relies on the ink stored in the cylinder of the printing plate cylinder to transfer to the printing material to realize the printing pattern, the storage, maintenance and cleaning of the printing plate are important. The place where the printing plate is stored should be kept clean, ventilated and dry. Carefully clean the printing plate before and after the machine, to prevent the accumulation of ink in the net for a long time and affect the use. Especially for some fine-stripe printing plates, the work of cleaning the printing plate before and after printing should be strictly followed. Makeup brushes are essential tools for making makeup. Whether it is fresh and light makeup; or bright and bright makeup, makeup brushes are also indispensable. Appropriate use can make the makeup look more durable, and the effect will be more perfect and natural.
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