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Conductive adhesives include two major classes, isotropic conductive adhesive (ICA) and anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA). ICA is an adhesive that conducts electricity in all directions; ACA is not the same, such as the Z-axis ACA refers to the adhesive that conducts in the Z direction, and it does not conduct in the X and Y directions. The current research focuses mainly on the ICA direction.
At present, there are many brands of conductive adhesives on the market, but in terms of their substrates, there are mainly the following types: Epoxy - The base material is epoxy resin, and the filled conductive metal particles are mainly: Ag, Ni, Cu (Ag plating); silicones - the base material is silicone, the filled conductive metal particles are mainly: Ag, Cu (Ag plating); polymer - its matrix material is polymer, filled with conductive metal particles is mainly : Ag.
The Advantages of Conductive Adhesives In addition to environmental advantages, conductive adhesives have advantages in performance compared to tin-lead solders:
(1) Lower curing temperature, applicable to heat-sensitive materials and non-weldable materials.
(2) The ability to provide finer pitches, especially anisotropic conductive adhesives, can be used with a pitch of only 200 μm, which has broad application prospects for increasingly high density, miniaturized electronic assembly industries.
(3) Simplify the process (for wave soldering, reduce process steps).
(4) The maintainability is good. For thermoplastic conductive adhesives, the components can be easily exchanged after reheating locally. For thermosetting conductive adhesives, only local heating above Tg is required to achieve component transfer. Even with fully cured adhesives, there is no need to diligently remove residues with chemical solvents or sharp tools. New adhesives can be applied directly and then heat cured.
Limitations of Conductive Adhesives Although conductive adhesives are powerful competitors for tin-lead solders, they also have their own limitations:
(1) Lower conductivity. For the general components, most conductive adhesives can be used, but for power devices, you need to carefully choose, otherwise the conductivity may not meet the requirements.
(2) The bonding effect is greatly affected by the type of component, type of PCB, quality, and metallization.
(3) The curing time is relatively long.
(4) If epoxy-based conductive adhesives are used, care must be taken to ensure safety. Adhesive performance is good epoxy conductive adhesive advantages, but once it occurs activation reaction, it is irritating or toxic, the human body's skin volatile amine easily prone to allergies. Therefore, the operator must receive safety training.
Development trend of conductive adhesives In the future, conductive adhesives are used as substitutes for tin-lead solders, and their main application areas include: telephone and mobile communication systems; broadcasting, television, and computer industries; automotive industry; medical equipment; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), etc. aspect.
Although conductive adhesives have many advantages, at present, due to theoretical research or production techniques are not yet fully mature, their own limitations have been formed. Therefore, it is still in the trial period in the high-tech electronics industry. In the future, with the rapid development of the electronic assembly industry, the research of conductive adhesives will also go to a higher level, that is, to high conductivity, low thermal resistance, and more reliable direction. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the close cooperation between the electronics industry and the materials engineering industry, study and formulate the corresponding optimal use technology, and make contributions to the early realization of the domestic electronic manufacturing industry into the world advanced ranks.