Appendix 21 GB/T4857.3-92 "Static Load Stacking Test Method for Packaging and Transportation Packages"

This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO2234-1985 "Packaging - complete, full-loaded transport packages - static load stacking test".
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application This standard specifies the main performance requirements, test procedures and test report contents of the test equipment used for the static load stacking test of transport packages.
This standard is applicable to the evaluation of the compressive strength of the transport package at the time of stacking or the protection of the contents. It can be used as a single test or as part of a series of tests.
2 Reference standard GB/T4857.1 Marking method for various parts during test of package and transportation package GB/T4857.2 Packing and transporting package temperature and humidity adjustment treatment GB/T4857.17 Packing and transport package preparation performance test outline General principle GB/T4857 .18 Quantitative Data of Performance Test Outline for Packaging and Transportation Packages
3 Test principle Place the test specimen on a horizontal plane and apply a uniform load on it.
4 test equipment
4.1 Water platform The surface of the water platform should be flat and hard. The height difference at any two points does not exceed 2 mm. For concrete floors, the thickness should not be less than 150 mm.
4.2 Loading device Loading device according to the selected method (Method 1, Method 2 or Method 3), see 4.2.1 - 4.2.3.
4.2.1 Method 1: Package Group Each package of this group should be identical to the test sample in the test. The number of packages is based on the total mass reaching the appropriate load.
4.2.2 Method 2: Free-Loading Plates The plate should be able to freely adjust to equilibrium on the test sample together with the appropriate load. Loading and loading plates can also be a single unit.
When the loading plate is placed in the center of the top of the package sample, its size should be at least 100 mm larger than the top surface of the package. The plate should be stiff enough to ensure that it can fully withstand the load without deformation.
4.2.3 Method 3: The guide loading plate shall be guided so that the lower surface of the plate can be kept horizontal along with the appropriate load. The measures used shall not cause friction and affect the test results.
When the loading plate is placed in the center of the top of the test sample, its size should be at least 100 mm larger than the sides of the top surface of the package. The plate should be rigid enough to ensure that it can fully bear the load without deformation.
4.3 Deviation test device The error of all deflection test devices should be accurate to ±1mm.
4.4 The safety equipment should pay attention to the stability and safety of the load during the test. For this purpose, a set of reliable test facilities must be provided and the load should be controlled in the event of danger so as to prevent damage to nearby personnel. .
5 Test procedures
5.1 Preparation of test samples Prepare test samples according to the requirements of GB/T4857.17.
5.2 Number of each part of the test sample The number of each part of the test sample shall be numbered according to the requirements of GB/T4857.1.
5.3 Test sample temperature and humidity pretreatment According to the requirements of GB/T4857.2, a condition was selected for the temperature and humidity pretreatment of the test sample.
5.4 Temperature and humidity conditions during the test The test shall be carried out at the same temperature and humidity as the pretreatment. If the same conditions cannot be met, the test must be carried out in atmospheric conditions as close as possible.
5.5 Selection of test intensity values ​​Select the test intensity values ​​according to the provisions of GB/T4857.18.
5.6 Test Procedure
5.6.1 Record the temperature and humidity of the test site.
5.6.2 Place the test sample on the horizontal plane in a predetermined state, and then place the ground dispersion package component or the free-loaded flat plate or guide loading plate in the center of the top surface of the test sample.
5.6.3 If Method 2 or Method 3 is used, place the load as a load on the load plate without causing an impact, and make it evenly in contact with the load plate to ensure that the center of gravity of the load is exactly in the package Above the top center. The error between the total mass of the weight and the loading plate and the predetermined value should be within ±2%. The distance between the load center of gravity and the loading plate must not exceed 50% of the height of the test sample.
If the test is specifically loaded, the appropriate dummy can be placed above or below the test sample, or it can be placed up and down as needed.
5.6.4 The load shall be maintained for a predetermined duration or until the package is crushed.
5.6.5 During the test, the deformation of the test sample shall be recorded according to a predetermined test plan. If necessary, the deformation of the test sample may be determined at any time.
5.6.6 Remove the load and inspect the damage of the transport package and its contents according to the relevant standards and analyze the test results.
6 Test report The test report should include the following:
a. The name, specification, model, quantity, etc. of the contents;
b. The number of test samples, the state of placement;
c. Detailed description: name, size, structure and material specifications of the packaging container, liners, supports, fixing methods, sealing, bundling conditions, and other protective measures;
d. The mass of the test sample and contents, in kilograms;
e. Pretreatment temperature, relative humidity, and time;
f. Temperature and relative humidity of the test site;
g. The total mass (in kilograms, including the mass of the loading plate), and the duration the sample is subjected to the load. The loading method used is Method 1, Method 2 or Method 3;
h. The location of the test sample deflection measurement points, and at what stage of the test the measurement of these deflections;
i. Shape and size of the dummy used;
j. Description of the test equipment;
k. Records of test results, and any observed phenomena that may help to interpret the test results correctly;
l. analysis of test results;
m. Explain the difference between the test method used and this standard;
n. Test date, tester's signature, test unit stamp.

Additional information:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Railways
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Railways Standardization Institute.
This standard is drafted by the Ministry of Railways Standardization Institute.
The main drafters of this standard are Wang Jugang and Zhang Jin.