First, paper history 3 stages In the four thousand years before the 20th century, the carrier of the literature has experienced four development periods of oracle bone, bronze, simplification, and paper. Among them, paper is the most critical to the development of culture. With the emergence and transformation of printing technology, the history of paper document carriers can be divided into three stages. From the Western Han Dynasty Emperor Xuan to the end of the Tang Dynasty, the 900th year was the first stage. The dissemination of paper documents in this period mainly relied on the writing of books and transcripts. Therefore, the number of books was small. Once a limited number of transcripts were lost, the book died. . For example, there are only 614 ancient books contained in "Han·Yi Wen Zhi". From the fifth generation to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the nine hundred years was the second stage. During this period, engraving and movable type printing appeared. Batch engraving greatly increased the number of books, and the cost reduction made more and more ordinary people buy books. The era of the cultural prosperity of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties appeared. Even so, the deaths of ancient books are still shocking. For the two generations of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were millions of books of official, private and engraved books in the past 400 years, but today there are only about 5,000 Chinese songs in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, including China. 3,500, more than 720 in Japan, 712 in Taiwan, and 125 in the United States [5]. It is precisely because the Song and Yuan editions of the book are seriously ruined and rare, and there is only a "one-page song version, one or two gold". From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the present, the third stage is more than one hundred years. During this period, printing technology has advanced by leaps and bounds. Printing efficiency and printing quality have undergone qualitative changes. Various public and private collections of hundreds of millions of books seem to no longer appear in ancient times. The "book", however, is a blind optimism. In fact, “paper life millennium†refers only to ancient books, paper made by modern crafts, and the lifespan is far less than that of ancient paper. Because the ancient papermaking process is mainly hand-made, the material is mostly made of plant bast fiber, and the paper produced is generally neutral or alkaline, and can be preserved for thousands of years. The papers used in modern literature are mostly mechanical wood pulp paper and acid chemical pulp paper, which have strong acidity and short storage time. It is understood that the life expectancy of the Republic of China newspapers is 50 to 100 years, and the life expectancy of the Republic of China books is 100 to 200 years. At present, the National Library has 670,000 copies of the documents in the Republic of China, and more than 90% of them are damaged more than moderately. Second, the digitization of ancient books Due to its fragile nature, the traditional literature carrier will inevitably damage the dead, but with the development of science and technology, a new generation of literature carriers emerges - electronic media. In the field of ancient books, this change can be called "digitalization of ancient books." The digitization of ancient books means "from the purpose of utilizing and protecting ancient books, using computer technology to convert common language characters or graphic symbols into digital marks that can be recognized by computers, thereby making a bibliographic database of ancient books and a full-text database of ancient books, to reveal A systematic work of information resources of ancient books. "As early as 1972, the library of Tsinghua University in Taiwan began to catalogue books with computers. This is actually the beginning of the digitization of Chinese ancient books. In 1998, Shanghai People’s Publishing House, Beijing Shutongwen Computer Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Hong Kong Dizhi Culture Publishing Co., Ltd. jointly launched the electronic version of Wenquange Sikuquanshu, which is the iconic product in the digitalization process of ancient books. In recent years, the Zhonghua Book Company’s “Chinese Classic Ancient Books Libraryâ€, which has just been launched, and the “Chinese Ancient Books Resource Library†newly launched by the National Library, have been digitized for more than 40 years. According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are at least 50 million ancient books in China, which have been eroded by years. One third of them are damaged and natural aging is very serious and needs to be protected. Take the National Library of China as an example. There are about 1.5 million copies of precious ancient books with different degrees of damage. Of the ancient books, there are 130,000 copies (pieces) and 260,000 cases of moderate damage. Volume (pieces), there are 120,000 copies (pieces) of severe damage. Local libraries, museums, and archives are more severely damaged due to poor conditions. Imagine that with the current rate of damage to ancient books, a large number of ancient books will not be read after a hundred years, and the ancient books are the most important material carrier of Chinese culture. The skin does not exist and the hair will be attached. In order to solve the problem of ancient books damage, there are currently two ways: First, speed up the restoration of ancient books, but at present the ancient talents have a large gap in repairing talents, and the speed of repair is far behind the speed of damage; the second is to digitize ancient books and identify the ancient books that are still identifiable. Scan into an image to make a database of ancient books. In this way, even if the material entity of the ancient books is damaged, the contents of the ancient books will be preserved forever. Baby Product,Baby Hair Brush,Baby Brush,Baby Brush And Comb Set Ningbo Carelax Beauty Products Co.,Ltd. , https://www.carelaxbeauty.com
