Research on Management Sandbox Development Based on Action Learning Orientation

Abstract: Management sandbox has been widely used in college teaching, and there are few cases of independent development and management of sandbox. There are few researches on management sandbox development. The author of this paper is based on years of sandbox teaching and independent development and management of sandbox experience. Summarize the general theory and framework for managing sandbox design and development.

Keywords: management sand table development, action learning, sand table development, replication, promotion

Background of research

It is absolutely exaggerated to say that "sand-disk teaching" is popular in the world, but it is no exaggeration to say that "sand-disk teaching" is popular in China's vocational education. The enterprise management sandbox, logistics enterprise management sand table, e-commerce sand table, supply chain management sand table, etc., which are widely seen in the market, have been widely applied to the professional teaching of the management, and the sand table has become a standard training for some professions. Teaching aids, and achieved good results, praised by teachers and students; more training institutions introduced the sand table into corporate training, and achieved good market recognition.

As of May 2017, the word "sand plate" was searched in China Knowledge Network, showing 4,217 results. The search topic "Manage sandbox" showed 988 results. Search for the word "sand plate teaching" and display the result. There are 1304, it can be seen that the "sand plate" and "sand plate teaching" are very hot in academic research; while the search for "sand plate development" shows only 280 results, search for the word "management of sand table development", showing the result There are only 27 articles. Searching for the word “management of sandbox development” shows that there are only five results. It can be seen that the development of sandbox curriculum has not attracted enough attention and attention from the academic community. As the research by Associate Professor Yan Yuehong of Beijing Geely College pointed out: there are many courses outsourcing in the sand table teaching, and there are few independent research and development; there is no more professional sandbox that combines the characteristics of the industry, meets the teaching requirements of the school and the actual situation of the students; it is recommended to construct the teaching of the sand table simulation course. Theoretical basis and framework for the development of professional sandbox simulation courses [I].

Based on years of management sand table teaching and training experience, the author presided over the research and development of two sets of teaching sandboxes, “Hotel Management Simulation Sandbox” and “Travel Agency Management Management Sandbox”, which have been put into teaching application and received good evaluation and feedback from teachers and students. Currently, the "Automobile 4S shop operation simulation sand table" is being developed. As the project research and development host, I would like to share with you the experience of managing sand table development to readers!

Research on Management Sandbox Development Based on Action Learning Orientation

The guiding ideology of the design and development of the sand table

The reason why the management sand table course is widely praised is because the characteristics of its teaching are in line with the academic situation and the needs of the teaching. In the process of managing the development of the sand table, the following design ideas should be followed:

Action learning

Action Learning English is Action Learning, referred to as AL. Taking action learning is a matter of “doing middle school, doing middle school, learning to be one”, that is, learners form a group to solve problems together in mutual support. Guided by the task, taking the participation experience as the carrier and adopting the mutual-interactive and interactive teaching mode, it is in line with the development trend of modern education.

2. Team learning

The team learns English as Team Learning, or TL for short. Management sandbox to take team learning, that is, 5-7 people form a management team to learn together, solve problems and avoid individual combat; students can learn from each other, encourage each other, face difficulties and challenges, and cultivate anti-frustration and Resilience; team learning can also improve student communication, collaboration and leadership.

3. Move the company into the classroom

In order to speed up the development of modern vocational education, the State Council executive meeting put forward the new requirements of “three docking” when deploying and improving the quality of personnel training, namely “to vigorously promote professional setting and industrial demand, course content and professional standards, teaching process and production process”. Three docking '". In the process of managing the sand table, it is the student who experiences the job, manages the virtual enterprise, and realizes the effective connection between the learning content and the post. The process of student simulation learning is the process of virtual operation. Manage sandbox teaching and realize the form of teaching management organization that “move (virtual) enterprises into the classroom, introduce corporate culture into the classroom, and introduce enterprise management into the classroom”.

4. Dynamic sand table

The dynamic sandbox mentioned here contains two meanings. One is to distinguish the traditional static sand table, such as the sand table in the factory area, the sand table in the community, etc., which is only used for the demonstration. The second is to distinguish the process sand table, but the demonstration process, without dynamic data. And change. Management sand table development should reflect the input data is determined by students' decisions, the output results are uncertain due to the influence of market (or competition), and reflect the autonomy of decision-making and the uncertainty characteristics of the results. This is the management sand table teaching. The charm is there.

"Options" design for three management sandbox development

The option to manage the sandbox refers to the development of the management sandbox? Since the sandbox is basically a group-teaching mode, the following points should be fully considered before the development of the management sandbox course:

1. Manage whether the enterprise pointed to by the sand table is homogenous

Management sand table teaching generally has several homogeneous virtual enterprises to form an overall market, so having a homogenous enterprise is one of the necessary conditions; for example, a hotel can have a wide range of homogeneity, such as a scenic spot, due to its traits and heterogeneity. If it is strong, it will be difficult to have the elements of the development of the scenic area management sand table, but if the development process sand table is developed, it will be added.

2. Is the enterprise pointed to by the sand table competitive?

One of the characteristics of management sand table teaching is that the group simulation of the competition between enterprises can effectively stimulate and stimulate students' desire to learn; the enterprises pointed to by the management sand table are homogenous, and will show up with the promotion of student business simulation. There is a big difference, so there will be confrontation, and the advantages and disadvantages of the business results gradually show that the effect of student decision-making is verified. Therefore, simulation companies that manage sandbox design need to be able to compete in the same market, which is one of the important elements in managing sandbox design.

3. Manage whether the simulation enterprise pointed to by sand disk development has the characteristics of “five flows”

Whether the simulation enterprise pointed to by the management sandbox has “financial flow, logistics, information flow, business flow, and bill flow” is one of the important requirements for the management of sand table development, such as logistics enterprises, e-commerce enterprises, hotels, travel agencies, etc. .

The above three points are things that the author thinks should be fully considered in the development and management of the sandbox. Of course, after the development of the sandbox option is verified, it can be said that things have been twice as effective.

Four management sandbox design and development procedures and methods

After the selection of the management sand table is determined, it is necessary to have an in-depth understanding of the sand table simulation enterprise, especially its organizational structure, job position, organization of business processes, etc., to conduct necessary research, induction, analysis, and grasp the management sand table design from a macro perspective. Model. Specifically, we must do the following work:

1. The first step: highly concentrated sand table simulation business process

The simulated sand table is the microcosm of the enterprise. It is necessary to reflect the activities and business processes carried out by the enterprise to the sand table through reduction, condensing and compression; the main business units of the enterprise should be extracted and mapped to the sand table simulation process; The state and industry management regulations should be fed back to the simulation process as much as possible to ensure the connection between the sand table simulation activities and the business operation status and social environment, and to ensure the zero distance between the simulated sand table and the “real business environment” and “real work position”. "Docking, making the "life" of the simulated sandbox stronger and more real!

The business process is to be repeatedly drilled according to the "business cycle". It must have strict logic and process matching. It should be able to withstand scrutiny and realize the goal of cultivating students' abilities and literacy.

2. The second step: condensing the "business cycle" of the sand table

Simulating the sandbox to simulate the operation process of the enterprise in just a few days, which is particularly important for simulating the “business cycle” design of the sandbox enterprise, such as the “Business Management Sandbox” developed by UFIDA, the smallest unit of “business cycle”. For the quarter; and we developed the "Hotel Management Simulation Sandbox", the minimum unit of "business cycle" is monthly; in order to maintain business authenticity, we developed the "Travel Agency Management Management Sandbox", the "business cycle" minimum unit was designed to "day" .

The design of the “business cycle” should consider the business attributes of the simulated enterprise, and should also consider its business attributes. For example, the travel service activities carried out by travel agencies are task scheduling on a daily basis. For some BTB-type enterprises, the business is based on orders. The cycle can be long or short, either weekly or monthly or quarterly; therefore, the "business cycle" setting has no fixed format and should depend on the needs of the simulated business.

3. The third step: designing the rules for sandbox exercises

This part is the core of the sandbox drill, but the part mentioned above is the “top design”. Only the previous top design is done. This part is more meaningful and more necessary. The design of the exercise rules is micro. Consolidate and enrich the work of the enterprise department and post. Of course, we must ensure that the flow of business between departments has a high degree of simulation and strict logic.

The rules of sand table drills are generally described in terms of simulated posts and simulated work tasks. The language is as simple and understandable as possible. The data table format should be explained as much as possible to avoid ambiguity! The drill rules must closely follow the work content, maintain the work occupation, and realize the learning content and work. The content is effectively linked.

4. Step 4: Design the market environment and needs

In order to ensure the simulation of the market environment, the author suggests that the market environment (sales) report of the industry enterprises can be designed to simulate the operating environment and market demand of the sandbox. Demand and demand selection link design, we should consider the actual demand as much as possible, and integrate with the business status. For example, in the design of “Hotel Management Simulation Sandbox”, the author follows the customer's actual choice of hotel method and method, and adopts the hotel evaluation index (service). The method of index, brand index, hardware index, etc.) selects the order; in the design of "Automobile 4S shop operation simulation sand table", the author uses the combination of comprehensive index, subjective evaluation + objective evaluation to select the order. In short, the design of this link is as close to reality as possible, so that the sandbox teaching is more emulated and more closely connected with the post.

5. Step 5: Design financial settlement work

One of the important ways to manage the teaching effect of sandbox is that the verification of decision-making is objective and fair, and the financial statements reflect the decision-making and management effects. Generally speaking, the financial settlement link is to design a management fee schedule, a profit statement and a balance sheet. Participants should learn to easily produce, read and analyze financial statements, which is one of the important contents of management sandbox management of business management personnel.

6. Step 6: Sandbox verification and improvement

The development of sandbox is actually a complete management system. Therefore, the author believes that it has to go through multiple rounds of testing and verification. The most important one is the test of the project team and the testing of the user. The two rounds of testing should be closely organized. To ensure the reliability of the system, the authenticity and adaptability of the user experience.

The above several tasks are the core work of the sand table design, and the author has a few words, it is difficult to exhaust. Designers need to participate in the topic and comprehend; of course, the sandbox design is not just a few of these tasks can be completed, there are many fine-grained work needs to be perfected, readers who need this can be in-depth exchanges and discussions through other means.

Five management sand disk development considerations

1. Design according to the requirements of “reproducible and scalable”

The sand table course should be highly reproducible, and it will not have much influence on the lectures because of the teacher's change. In the actual teaching process, although there are curriculum standards or teaching plans, it is often because of the different lecturers, the content of the lectures will be There are huge differences in the teaching methods. The important reason is not the standards or personnel, but the teaching of itself is a matter of “highly ruled by people”. The result of managing sand table development is to ensure the process of teaching, the content of teaching, and the organization of teaching. The method is “standardized” and “standardized”, so copying and promoting are easier to implement.

2. Management sand table design should reflect "professional, open"

The management sand table design and development should be closely connected with the industry enterprises. The training content should be closely connected with the post. The learning process should be closely connected with the enterprise management process. The learning organization management should be softly connected with the corporate culture and enterprise management. In short, the management sand table design To meet the teaching needs of colleges and universities, it can also be used for corporate training and learning. At the beginning of sand table design and development, we must fully consider the "occupationality and openness" of the curriculum.

3. Design must have "cross-border awareness and spirit"

The development of management sandbox requires developers to have cross-border thinking, cross-border knowledge, cross-border experience, learn to transplant, learn from other sandbox experiences to promote new development projects; if there is no such accumulation of thinking, knowledge and experience, realize it out of thin air. The possibility is almost zero; the author is also able to try and develop a new management sandbox project because of the experience of more than ten years of sandbox teaching and training.

4. Sand table design should maintain synergy

Management sandbox development, in addition to the internal collaboration of the project team members, there is the integration of external resources; sand disk development and design of many jobs, the author, the author is good at process summary, logic design, system analysis, and teaching aids Software development is not a strength, so the division of labor is particularly important, and external resource integration is critical. The core intellectual property of management sand disk development lies in system analysis, business design, process condensing, grasping the core, and knowing how to choose.

In short, the development of the sand table is a painful and happy process, the process is hard, but if the results can be put into use and recognized, it is a happy thing. The author believes that in addition to "following" the development of enterprises and society, higher vocational education should play a "leading" role in technology and skill development. Therefore, the author believes that the research work of higher vocational education is not only to write and write a thesis, but also to focus on applied research, practical research, and results, produce results with commercial application value, and strengthen the transformation of results. This should be high. The development direction of scientific research in vocational colleges.

references:

1. Li Min, Research on the Development of Physical Sandbox Course in Enterprise Operation Management, Economist, 2016, Issue 11

2. Zhou Haitao, Work Process Oriented ERP Enterprise Management Management Sand Table Curriculum Development Research, Technology Entrepreneur, 2014-03

3. Liu Cheng, BIM-based engineering project management sand table simulation practice teaching research, laboratory research and exploration, 2012 10

4. Xu Lilan, Design and Analysis of the Higher Vocational Sandbox Simulation Teaching System, Hunan University, October 2011

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