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It should be recognized that China's export product packaging has made great progress in the past 10 years and has effectively promoted the development of China's export trade. However, there is still a big gap compared with the world's advanced level. "First-class goods, second-class packaging, three The passive situation of equal prices has not yet been fundamentally changed. Many export products cause waste of resources due to excessive packaging, and packaging waste also pollutes the environment. Green packaging awareness is still very weak. According to relevant statistics, China's annual foreign exchange earnings have been reduced by about 10% due to packaging problems. A considerable portion of this is caused by packaging that does not meet environmental protection requirements. Therefore, it is imperative to vigorously advocate and develop green packaging. The following areas of work should be done at present.
(I) Strengthening the awareness of export green packaging At present, many export companies still focus more on the protection of the use value of goods when packaging products, while seldom consider environmental protection issues. In today's "green wave" sweeping the world, export companies should establish a green marketing concept, and further recognize the status and role of green packaging in the field of international circulation. It should be clearly understood that the development of green packaging not only can reduce energy consumption and material consumption, reduce costs and reduce pollution, but also can enhance corporate image, increase consumers' sense of corporate identity and trust, and thus improve the product's international competitiveness.
(2) Enhancing technology, improving design, and developing new materials Packaging design is the primary task for us to promote green packaging. It has a direct impact on the packaging methods, the selection and use of packaging materials, and the disposal of packaging waste. The overall requirements for green packaging design, in addition to the emphasis on packaging protection and display functions, should also add environmental and psychological functions. For export, packaging design should also pay attention to the following aspects:
1. The environmental protection requirements of the target market countries must be known. Many of China's export commodities fail to meet the environmental protection requirements of importing countries. One of the important reasons is that there is not enough knowledge about the environmental protection laws and regulations of importing countries and the intensity of consumer environmental awareness. For example, in China, the use of plastic packaging foods and drugs is still relatively common, but in the United States and Japan have been banned; Australian Quarantine Bureau regulations, where imported goods are packed in wooden boxes, all need to provide fumigation certificate. If these factors are not taken into account in the design of the packaging, it is difficult to avoid export obstruction.
2. The environmental protection atmosphere should be emphasized in the design of packaging, decoration, patterns and colors to adapt to the modern consumer psychology of foreign consumers protecting the environment and beautifying the environment.
3. In the selection of packaging materials, we must vigorously develop lightweight, high-performance paper packaging, bamboo packaging, glass packaging, and transform plastic packaging. Paper packaging and glass bottle packaging have the advantages of small pollution and easy recycling, and are also more in line with the technical level of China's packaging industry. The key to the present is to strengthen the technological transformation of papermaking and glass manufacturing industries. For example, the glass manufacturing industry should increase efforts to develop high-strength, thin, and convenient glass and can packaging; the paper industry should also actively adopt high technology, develop alkali-free papermaking, develop and produce strength and barrier properties with plastics and plastics. Products are equivalent to paper products, to adapt to the trend of packaging "paper to plastic" in many countries and regions.
Of course, green packaging materials are not limited to these. It should include all high-tech means of producing packaging materials that are conducive to the protection of the environment and the recycling of resources (for example, the United States, Japan, and other countries have now begun to use methylene chloride as a foaming agent. Freon that pollutes the environment). In addition, natural biomaterials such as bamboo and hemp that are easily decomposed in the natural environment are also currently ideal packaging materials.
The promotion of green packaging is inseparable from the development of packaging technology. Packaging technology is also a system technology. It involves many aspects such as packaging design, raw materials and accessories, and machinery, and requires close cooperation among various departments. China's packaging technology is still relatively backward. According to statistics, by the end of the century, only 30% of packaging companies in China could reach the level of developed countries in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Therefore, green packaging is not only a major change in packaging itself, but also a major change in the production of packaging manufacturers.
(C) Accelerate the pace of integration with the international community
1. Learn from foreign experience and implement packaging legislation
At present, the United States, Germany, France, the Netherlands and other developed countries have passed laws to guarantee the promotion and use of green packaging, and have formulated various laws and regulations that restrict packaging waste. However, our country is still blank in this regard. Although in recent years some policies on packaging have been gradually introduced, due to lack of mandatory binding force and little effect, coupled with the relatively weak awareness of environmental protection among our nationals, some foreign countries have restricted their use even. The banned packaging materials are still produced and used in large quantities in the country, resulting in loss of the goods after export because the packaging does not comply with foreign environmental protection regulations. Therefore, legislation must be adopted to manage the production, circulation and use of packaging as soon as possible, and legal measures should be used to promote the development of green packaging. In terms of packaging legislation, we should strengthen exchanges and cooperation with countries around the world. On the one hand, we can better use their successful and mature legislative experience, and at the same time, we can thoroughly understand the latest developments in their packaging regulations and formulate corresponding countermeasures.
2. Accelerate green sign certification work Export companies only have the concept of “provincial power and capital, recycling, and reuseâ€. It is also necessary to establish an environmental management system and pass certification from domestic and foreign authoritative departments. First of all, export enterprises should speed up the certification of environmental labeling products in China. As early as in May 1994, China established the “Environmental Label Product Certification Committee†and established the first batch of six products to be certified, and released the Chinese environmental logo graphics consisting of green mountains, green water, the sun, and 10 rings. . The establishment and gradual improvement of China's environmental labeling system will help China's export enterprises establish a more solid concept of modern environmental protection, standardize the management of environmental labels, make export product packaging better adapt to the international community's requirements for environmental protection, and secondly, strive to achieve Export target markets, especially the environmental signs of developed country markets. At present, more than 30 countries (regions) in the world have implemented their own environmental labeling system and more and more products have been involved. For example, Germany has issued 4,000 environmental labels in 1993, involving 75 product categories; again, export companies should actively create conditions to apply for ISO14000 certification, as well as applying for ISO9000 quality system audit certification, the green mark must also apply for and Certified by an authoritative organization. Exports that have achieved these signs are equivalent to having “green cards†to these markets.
Author: Hainan University (Social Science Edition) Jiang Guozhou
Second, the development of China's export green packaging measures