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The eastern and southwestern China-style mountains, such as the Changbai Mountains in the east, the mountains in the Fujian and Zhejiang, Mount Tai, Mount Tianmu, and Daiyunshan, play an important role in blocking the inland of the southeast monsoon. Therefore, these mountains have basically become Orient The boundary between moisture and Western dry climate.
The west belt stretches from Daxinganling in the north, and extends through the Taihang Mountains, the three mountainous regions of the Yangtze River, the eastern edge of the Guizhou Plateau, and extends southwards to Yaoling in Guangxi Province. The elevation is generally between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. The northern mountains are higher than the southern mountains. It is the second step of the southern air flow into the inland.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has Kunlun Mountains in the north, the Himalayas in the south, and the Pamir Mountains in the southwest. It is large in area and high in elevation. It not only blocks the flow of heat from the Indian Ocean to the inland but also affects the climate throughout Southeast Asia.
The turn of the Himalayas on the Yarlung Tsangpo River turned suddenly into a north-south direction, becoming the famous Hengduan Mountains, distributed in western Sichuan and Yunnan. There are Gaoligongshan, Nushan, Daxueshan, or Twelfth Railing Mountain and Yulong Mountain with an elevation of 4,000 to 5,000 meters above sea level. These are the major barriers for the air flow of the Bay of Bengal into China at low altitudes.
Most of the terrain in China is high in the west and low in the east, and only the Junggar Basin in the northern Xinjiang is high in the east and low in the west. Three huge gaps were opened between the Tianshan and Altai Mountains, and they became the mirror channels of the Arctic air mass. Therefore, the weather in the northern Xinjiang was rather warm in the west and dry in the middle.
Between Qilian Mountain and Heli Mountain in Gansu Province, it is a narrow mountainous area in the direction of southeast to northwest, which is about 1000 kilometers long. This famous “Hexi Corridor†is the channel through which cold winter air flows to the southeast.
Local mountain climate characteristics.
Mountains, even hills, are the influence of the weather. More than any place on earth, the mountains can make significant changes in wind, temperature, precipitation, and lightning, often posing a threat to people traveling in the mountains.
Winds and winds in the mountains are also varied. It can be divided into the following categories:
Uphill winds, due to changes in the temperature difference between the mountains caused by the downward slope of the cold air at night and the daytime wide air climb to the mountain. Most of the upslope winds occur within 15-45 minutes of sunrise, and the maximum wind speed is reached at noon or on the ground when the maximum amount of solar energy is received. In general, the energy received by the southern slope is the largest, so the uphill wind is the strongest. On the northern slope there is no upward slope. Uphill winds usually drill straight into the mountains and valleys. When the sky is clouding, the sun's hidden time can now control the onslaught of the upslope winds in a timely manner like a "switch."
Downhill winds, which are relatively mild and stable, occur mostly near the surface, begin to wind in the 15-45 minutes after sunset, until the sunrise the next day, from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the valley.
The sinking wind is the "glacial wind." It often appears on glaciers, not affected by changes in day and night, because the surface temperature of the glaciers is always lower than the air above it so it always blows downhill. However, at the end of the slope where the glaciers extend, there will also be uphill winds, the intensity of which is often controlled by the size of the glaciers.
The canyon wind, which is the wind controlled by the terrain, is also a mixed wind of uphill and downhill winds, and mainly appears near the notched semi-enclosed valley on the slope surface. It is also controlled by the temperature difference of sunshine, that is, at noon, it is mostly the upper valley wind, and it turns into the lower valley wind at night, and the valley winds tend to have a strong gust of wind.
The whirlwind, which is also a common wind in the mountains, generates whirlwinds whenever the landform changes significantly and the surrounding winds are strong. In most cases, the cyclones have instantaneous features and are mostly formed on the northerly slope.
Precipitation. There is a lot of updrafts in the mountains. It keeps the air cool, so the precipitation usually increases with altitude. In humid tropical regions, precipitation increases in the mountainous area are particularly significant. The most common in mountain areas is fog, which is actually a cloud that touches the ground; sometimes it can be misty all day in the valley. The greatest threat to mountain travelers is flash floods.
Lightning, mountaineers, hikers, and campers are particularly vulnerable to lightning in the mountains. The rising winds generated on the rugged mountainous terrain make thunderstorms there more violent and frequent.
Temperature and temperature are very important for mountain travelers. In mountain areas, the temperature decreases with height, and this approach is about twice the winter season in summer. The relative humidity on the mountain is much higher than in the valley. In this case, most of the clothes are poor insulators. Therefore, it is not easy to keep the body warm during the winter and stay cool during the summer. In general, the temperature dropped by an average of 1.2 degrees per 300 meters of altitude, which is a reference for mountain tourism personnel.
China has a complex terrain with peaks and folds in the mountains (33%), as well as vast plains (12%) and hills (10%). The mountains in our country can be divided into east-west and north-west and south-west directions. The mountain ranges from east to west and Tianshan and Yinshan in the north. There are Kunlun Mountain and Qinling Mountain in the middle, and Nanling in the south. These mountains are important demarcation lines in the climate zone.