In the flexible packaging printing market in the United States, gravure only accounts for 10% and is declining. In China's flexible packaging printing and printing of cigarette packs, gravure printing occupies an important position. More than 200 sets of gravure printing presses have been introduced, and in some regions too many gravure printing machines have been introduced, resulting in excess production capacity. This was formed under the special circumstances of our country. Note: This table was predicted by Mr. Peter W. Dumms, Vice Chairman of the German Flexographic Association in 1999.
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The basic trends in the development of packaging and printing are multi-category, small-batch, short-cycle, high-quality, and low-cost. At present, China can adapt to the above requirements, and there are too few packaging companies with large scale and strong market competitiveness. The small scale, poor equipment, low level of technology, weak competitiveness and small companies are all over. Therefore, in addition to joint enterprise, adjustment, expansion of scale, specialization, and improvement of management, a very important issue is to step up technological transformation.
The new "Management Regulations for the Printing Industry" stipulates that only packaging and printing companies can establish foreign-owned wholly-owned enterprises. Foreign-funded enterprises, with advanced printing equipment, perfect modern management, and abundant capital, are more aware of the rules of the market economy than ours. Therefore, we will create greater competitive pressure on us. Our packaging and printing companies face not only the competition of domestic companies, but also the competitiveness of joint ventures, sole proprietorships and international competition. Our enterprises must understand the situation, develop good solutions and accelerate the upgrading of technology and equipment.
So, what technology and equipment should we use to transform our business? Let us first look at the status quo and development prospects of the three major printing methods.
offset printing
The main advantage of offset printing is that the printing process and equipment have been well developed. The supporting raw and auxiliary materials have also been fully matured. The printing quality is good and the cost is low. Has been accepted by domestic and foreign printing companies. At present, offset printing accounts for more than half of total printing in foreign countries. In China, books, newspapers, and newspapers have almost been offset by 100%. More than 800 offset presses have been introduced in packaging printing. Many companies have not only increased a lot of offset presses, but also introduced multi-color offset presses with advanced world standards. Offset printing has also accounted for about 60%. Offset printing also plays a dominant role in the packaging field. Regardless of domestic and foreign countries, the proportion of offset printing may decrease for a long time, but its dominant position will not change. Mr. David, editor of Packaging Printing and Paper Processing in the United States, predicted that before 2010, offset printing will still dominate the field of packaging and printing. However, market share will decline. For our country, offset printing will take longer. Moreover, with the development of packaging printing, the proportion of offset printing may decrease, but the absolute value of the printing volume may also increase.
Offset printing is mainly used for the printing of paper-based materials. Printing on plastic film has many limitations. Sheet-fed offset presses can be changed in print format and are flexible. At present, most web offset presses have a fixed print format. Its application is limited. With the development of technology, web offset presses are also constantly improving. Now we have successfully developed a web offset press that can change the printing format. At the same time, we have successfully developed a seamless roller web offset press. The printing cylinder of this web offset printing machine is seamless and in this respect has been the same as a web gravure printing machine.
Offset presses continue to improve on printing capabilities. The corrugated board can be printed with improved and retrofitted parts. UV printers can be printed with improved UV dryers. The above improvements continue to expand the use of offset presses in the field of packaging and printing. Offset printing inks will soon be put into practical use. Offset printing here is an improvement.
Gravure
Gravure, full of ink and three-dimensional, in a variety of printing methods, the print quality is the best. And the printing quality is stable. The plate has a long life. Suitable for mass printing. Gravure prints extremely thin materials such as plastic films. However, gravure platemaking is complicated and expensive, and its benzene-containing ink pollutes the environment. These two issues have affected the development of gravure. In particular, the reduction of a large number of large-scale prints, the short version also requires a large number of low-cost prints, so that gravure will continue to lose the market. Domestic and foreign experts all believe that the proportion of gravure printing in the printing industry will decline year by year. Even in the field of packaging and printing is also a downward trend. Today's world-renowned gravure printer manufacturers and many gravure printer manufacturers have already supplied flexographic presses to their users. Statistics show that the installed capacity of flexographic presses exceeds that of gravure printers. Table 1 is the statistical data of Mr. Peter from W&H Corporation in 1998.
Table 1 The installed capacity of CI flexo and gravure printers in 1998
Due to advances in technology, gravure printing machines are constantly improving and developing. The application of gravure printing plate computer-to-plate (CTP) and the gradual promotion of gravure printing ink have gradually solved two major problems of the gravure printing process. With the resolution of the gravure problem, whether or not to reverse the declining trend of the gravure printing process remains to be tested in practice.
At present, in domestic packaging and printing, in order to adapt to the development of small batches and multiple varieties, many printing companies use a combination of a sheet-fed gravure printing machine and an offset printing press, which is a problem worth noting.
Flexo
Flexo printing is a hot topic in the industry in recent years. Many companies have introduced flexo technology and equipment, both successful and failed. Why does flexography in foreign countries develop at a high speed (see Table 1 and Table 2), but domestic countries are struggling?
Table 2 Growth forecast of packaging and printing methods
The main advantages of flexo are:
1, the device structure is simple, easy to form a production line. In offset, gravure, flexo printing flexo printing machine is the simplest structure. As a result, the price of flexo presses is relatively low, and printers invest less in equipment. At the same time, due to the simple equipment, easy operation and maintenance. At present, the vast majority of flexographic printing presses are linked to processing processes such as bronzing, glazing, cutting, slitting, die cutting, indentation, punching, and windowing to form a production line. Greatly increase labor productivity.
2, a wide range of applications and substrates. Flexo can print almost all prints and use all substrates. In particular, corrugated printing in packaging printing has its own unique features.
3, extensive use of water-based ink. Among the three printing methods of offset printing, gravure printing and flexo printing, only flexographic printing currently uses water-based inks. Non-toxic, non-polluting, favorable for environmental protection, especially suitable for packaging and printing.
4, the lower cost. The low cost of flexo printing has formed a broad consensus in foreign countries. There is still controversy in the country. The main reason is that most flexographic printing machines, flexographic printing plates, and flexo printing inks used in flexographic printing in China are imported. The resulting costs are relatively high. Offset printing and gravure printing are relatively inexpensive in this regard. In addition, in order to compete with flexo printing, gravure printing has to do everything possible to reduce the cost advantage of flexo printing. With the local production of flexographic equipment, its plates and raw materials, its cost will gradually decrease.
The main reasons for the slow development of flexo printing in China:
1. Existing understandings and specific issues: After the 1970s, it was at the international level that flexo printing was technologically mature and rapidly developing. At the time, my country was comprehensive 
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